Which aspect of projectile motion is least affected by atmospheric conditions?

The maximum coordinate of a projectile, often related to its peak height during flight, is the aspect of projectile motion that is least affected by atmospheric conditions. This phenomenon can be primarily attributed to the fact that the maximum coordinate is determined by the initial velocity, launch angle, and gravitational acceleration, all of which are consistent regardless of atmospheric factors like wind or air density.

In contrast, the angle of fall, distance from the gun to impact, and horizontal range can be significantly influenced by atmospheric conditions. For example, heavy wind can alter the trajectory and landing point of the projectile, affecting both horizontal range and distance to impact. Changes in air density due to humidity and temperature can also cause variations in resistance experienced by the projectile, thereby affecting the total range and landing location. Therefore, the maximum coordinate remains relatively stable under varied atmospheric conditions, making it less susceptible to these external influences.