How does 3D search differ from 2D search?

3D search is distinct from 2D search primarily because it includes elevation angle data, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of an object's location in three-dimensional space. This capability is essential in accurately determining the altitude of aerial threats as well as understanding the vertical positioning of surface contacts, rather than just their horizontal location.

In contrast, 2D search primarily focuses on tracking targets within a single plane, which can lead to limitations in identifying threats that operate at various elevations, such as aircraft flying at different altitudes. The additional dimension offered by 3D search enhances situational awareness by providing not just range and bearing, but also height, leading to better engagement strategies.

The other answer choices do not accurately capture the primary distinction between 3D and 2D search. While a wider target range or short-range detection may apply in specific contexts, they do not fundamentally define the difference between the two types of searches. Additionally, limiting detection to only water surface threats is not a characteristic of 3D search, as it is designed to detect threats in both the air and on the surface.